Adaptation and development of an introduced teff grass (Eragrostif tef) into tropical region under different planting managements
Feri Sukur Prabowo, Nafiatul Umami*, Bambang Suwignyo, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman, Wahyu Setyono
Graduate Student of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
Livestock Production Program, Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 90509, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
Vocational Program of Animal Husbandry, Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Abstract: The present study aims to determine, identify, and analyze the productivity, nutrient content, and in vitro nutrient digestibility of teff grass at different cutting ages and regrowth phases. The experimental design employed in this study was a split plot design cross-over, consisting of two factors: cutting age (30, 45, and 60 DAP/days after planting) as the main plot (whole periods) and regrowth phase (Initial cutting, Initial regrowth, and Secondary regrowth) as the sub plot (sub periods). The study comprised three replicates for each treatment. The findings and subsequent analysis discourse indicated a substantial interaction effect (P < 0.05) between cutting age and regrowth on various teff grass productivity parameters, with the exception of stem diameter. Furthermore, a substantial interaction was observed on the teff grass nutrient content parameters (P < 0.05), with the exception of organic matter (OM) and nitrogen free extract (NFE). The in vitro nutrient digestibility of teff grass demonstrated no interaction effect (P > 0.05). However, a significant effect was observed (P < 0.05) during the regrowth phase. Overall, the study showed that the interaction between cutting age and regrowth phase had an effect on the productivity and nutritional content of teff grass. In comparison with the initial cutting, there was an enhancement in the digestibility value of nutrients in the regrowth phase of teff grass at all cutting ages. The best results were obtained at 60 DAP for all treatments.
Submitted: 16 July 2025 | Revised: 30 April 2026 | Accepted: 28 April 2026
Pages 419-427 | Read Article | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.26.20.06.pne76
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Spatial-temporal analysis of soil chemical attributes in a soybean producing agricultural area on a typical Dystroferric Red Latosol
Rodrigo Lorbieski, Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho Guedes, Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo
Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, UNIOESTE, Brasil
Abstract: The spatial and temporal variability of soil chemical properties introduces uncertainty in agricultural management. Understanding these variations supports decisions on fertilization, soil correction, and monitoring. The study aims to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of soil chemical attributes and identify their possible causes through space-time geostatistical modeling applied to pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and organic matter data in a soybean area monitored from 2010 to 2022. Different spatio-temporal semivariogram models were considered, with emphasis on the sum-metric and simple sum-metric models. Geostatistical models were used to characterize the purely spatial, purely temporal, and joint spatio-temporal components; the wave model was fitted to the temporal structure, and the Matérn model (k = 0.3) to the joint component. Temporal dependence ranged from one to six years and was stronger than spatial dependence, which showed a limited range. Canonical correlation analysis revealed associations with precipitation and mean temperature. The joint component showed limited interaction between temporal and spatial effects. The results indicate higher temporal sensitivity of soil chemical properties and relative spatial stability. The results support the definition of sampling strategies, site-specific management, and time-based interventions grounded in quantitative evidence.
Submitted: 19 July 2025 | Revised: 05 Nov 2025 | Accepted: 16 April 2026
Pages 428-441 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.26.20.06.pne79
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Analysis of components present in forage plant intercropping ecosystems: a systematic review
João Paulo Matos Pessoa*, Clara Beatriz Marques da Silva Xavier, Maysa Callado Moura, Lifranc Laurent, Raimundo Nonato Pereira da Silva, Luan Felipe Reis Camboim, Shirlenne Ferreira Silva, Marcos Neves Lopes, Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo, Ricardo Loiola Edvan
Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil, Department of Animal Science, Brazil
Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Brazil, Department of Animal Science, Brazil
Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Ceará, Iguatu, Brazil
Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil, Department of Agricultural Planning and Policy, Brazil
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2246-3498
Abstract: The prevailing climate of a region, the intercropping system adopted, and the choice of forage species are key factors influencing both forage and grain biomass in intercropped forage ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze the components present in forage plant intercropping systems used for animal production between 2014 and 2024. The research question was developed using the PICo methodology [Population (P), Interest (I), and Context (Co)], with terms related to forage plants defined as the Population, intercropping systems as the Interest, and intercropping systems for animal production as the Context. Boolean operators were used to construct the search strategy, with the following key terms: Population: “forage plants”, Interest: “intercropping systems”, and Context: “intercropping systems for animal production.”. Articles were searched on the Scopus platform (n = 28), Web of Science (n = 406), and Taylor & Francis (n = 516), totaling 950 articles. From this total, only 57 articles were selected to be included in this research. The results showed that Brazil had the highest number of publications on the topic (n = 23), followed by the United States. Intercropping combinations involving Fabaceae - Poaceae were the most frequent (61.77%), followed by Poaceae - Poaceae (19.12%) and Cactaceae - Poaceae (4.41%). Fourteen different climatic classifications were identified among the studies, with Aw being the most common, followed by BSh and BSk. Intercropping systems involving corn, Cactaceae, and sorghum were the most productive, regardless of the prevailing regional climate. Overall, forage biomass varied across the different climatic zones evaluated. The predominant forage family combinations were Poaceae - Fabaceae, followed by Poaceae - Poaceae and Poaceae - Cactaceae.
Submitted: 16 August 2025 | Revised: 23 November 2025 | Accepted: 24 April 2026
Pages 442-449 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary PDF | https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.26.20.06.pne104
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Yield and bulb quality of shallots (Allium cepa L.) under different agro-ecological conditions on sub-optimal land
Rajiman*, Sari Megawati, Agus Wartapa, Muhammad Arya Jabbar Rohman, Arif Anshori
Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Yogyakarta–Magelang, Yogyakarta City 55162, Indonesia
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
Abstract: The development of shallots (Allium cepa L.) as a strategic horticultural commodity requires suitable agricultural land; however, most available land is sub-optimal and characterized by diverse agro-ecological conditions. These conditions strongly influence shallot productivity and bulb quality. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and bulb quality of shallots cultivated under different agro-ecological systems. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, from February to October 2024, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised Sleman paddy fields (SLS), Kulon Progo sandy land (KPS), Kulon Progo paddy fields (KPP), Gunung Kidul dry land (GKK), Bantul paddy fields (BTS), Bantul sandy land (BTP), and Bantul dry land (BTK). Yield and bulb quality parameters were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the 5% honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Rainfall data and soil characteristics were analyzed descriptively, while factors contributing to performance variation were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). The results demonstrated that agro-ecological systems significantly affected shallot yield and bulb quality, with the Bantul dry land (BTK) agro-ecosystem producing the highest yield and quality. Each agro-ecosystem exhibited distinct soil and climatic characteristics. PCA revealed that yield performance variation was primarily influenced by bulb diameter, bulb weight, total soluble solids, and overall productivity. These findings highlight the importance of site-specific agro-ecological management to optimize shallot production on sub-optimal land.
Submitted: 23 September 2025 | Revised: 21 December 2025 | Accepted: 24 April 2026
Pages 450-459 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.26.20.06.pne136
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Differential physiological responses of sugarcane genotypes to waterlogging and drought conditions
Mochamad Arief Soleh*, Santi Rosniawaty, Mira Ariyanti
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Raya Bandung Sumedang St. KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-7174
Abstract: Water stress, whether caused by waterlogging or drought resulting from climate change, can significantly reduce sugarcane yield. To elucidate the physiological response of sugarcane under such conditions, four genotypes were evaluated under controlled waterlogged (WL) and drought (D) environments. Plants were cultivated in pots and subjected to WL and D treatments for 14 days. Stomatal conductance (gs) varied among the genotypes with a general trend of increasing gs under WL conditions and decreasing gs under D conditions over the treatment period. Notably, specific genotypes exhibited contrasting responses: one showed high gs under WL but low gs under D, while another maintained improved gs under both conditions, suggesting greater adaptability. Changes in gs between 0 and 7 days after treatment (DAT) were further quantified. One genotype, PS862, showed a 64% increase in gs under WL and a 75% decrease under D. In contrast, genotypes of PSJT941 exhibited a 5% decrease under WL and only a 49% decrease under D. Enhanced gs under both stress conditions correlated with higher photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm) and a lower crop water stress index (CWSI), indicating superior physiological resilience. These findings highlight genotypic variability in sugarcane response to water stress and identify candidates with potential for cultivation under water stressed environments.
Submitted: 09 October 2025 | Revised: 11 January 2026 | Accepted: 06 May 2026
Pages 460-467 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.26.20.06.pne152
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Agronomic performance and yield quality of several IPB hybrid sweet corn varieties during the rainy and drier seasons in a tropical rainforest climate
Carla Frieda Pantouw, Brayen Patandean, Arya Widura Ritonga*, Muhamad Achmad Chozin, Agus Rachmat, Syamsidah Rahmawati
Graduate Program of Agronomy and Horticulture, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
Genetic Engineering Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Soekarno Science and Technology Park, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
Abstract: Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) is a high-value horticultural crop whose agronomic performance and yield quality are influenced by seasonal variation and genotype-dependent responses. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and yield performance of ten hybrid sweet corn genotypes, consisting of six IPB breeding hybrids and four commercial varieties, across two contrasting growing seasons (rainy and dry) in Bogor, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications per season. Morphological, physiological, and yield traits were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by descriptive multivariate analyses using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The results showed that the number of leaves (NL), leaf angle (LA), and leaf area ratio (LAR) differed significantly between seasons, indicating genotype-dependent morphological and physiological adjustments to seasonal changes in light and humidity. Cob weight without husk (CWoH) was significantly affected by genotype and genotype × season interaction, suggesting differential yield responses among genotypes across seasons. PCA and AHC revealed distinct grouping patterns among genotypes, reflecting differences in yield-related traits and seasonal responses rather than definitive yield stability. Overall, the study highlights the importance of genotype selection based on seasonal adaptability to optimize sweet corn production under tropical conditions.
Submitted: 09 October 2025 | Revised: 11 January 2026 | Accepted: 06 May 2026
Pages 468-476 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.26.20.06.pne160
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Phenological stages, growth, and production of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) across different locations and altitudes: Implications for climate change adaptation
Tumiar Katarina Manik*, Paul Benyamin Timotiwu
Graduate Study of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Indonesia
ORCID ID 0000-0001-9424-7327
Abstract: Plant phenology, generally defined as the phasic process of the plant cycle, is the physiological development stages of crop growth from planting to harvest. Climate change, indicated by rising temperature, causes a shift in phenological development of crops. This study investigated how sorghum phenology changed when planted in the highland area (Gisting, Lampung, 615 m asl) and the lowland area (Rajabasa, Lampung 120 m asl). Eight sorghum genotypes were planted in both areas, and the days to reach each growth step were observed together with the calculated growing degree days and agronomic variables. The result showed that sorghum in the lowland area reached growth stages faster than sorghum in the highland area. The physiological maturity occurred 79.63 days in the lowland area while in the highland it was 86.71 days. The heat (growing degree days) needed for reaching the stage was 2581 degrees in the lowland and 2357.88 degrees in the highland areas. Sorghum is higher in the lowland area (265 cm) compared to the highland area (212 cm). Some other agronomic variables comparing lowland and highland areas, respectively, were: panicle length 26.65 cm to 26.37 cm; average above part biomass fresh weight per plant 580.4 g to 638.06 g; 1000 grain fresh weight 141.77 g compared to 104.94 g and dry weight 39.23 g to 30.04 g; Lipid 2.63% compared to 1.16 % and protein 11.01% compared to 9.47%. From those results, it can be concluded that sorghum is one choice for food security in the predicted higher temperatures because of climate change, since sorghum grows better in warm temperatures.
18 November 2025 | Revised: 25 April 2026 | Accepted: 28 April 2026
Pages 477-485 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.26.20.06.pne190
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense and urea sources to enhance yield and bromatological composition of Urochloa brizantha
Mauricio Franceschi, Jhonathann Willian Furquin da Silva, Oscarlina Lucia dos Santos Weber, Joadil Gonçalves de Abreu, Elisamara Caldeira do Nascimento, Luana Aparecida Menegaz Meneghetti, Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva*
Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, PhD student in the Graduate Program in Tropical Agriculture, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Department of Soils and Rural Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Department of Animal Science and Rural Extension, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Research Associate at the Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science, Graduate Program in Tropical Agriculture, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Institute of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Abstract: Brazil is the world's leading producer and exporter of beef, with Marandu grass being the most widely used cultivar for cattle production. However, since most established pastures exhibit some degree of degradation, it is crucial to identify strategies for their recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combining foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense and different urea sources on the morphological and bromatological characteristics of Marandu grass. A field experiment was conducted in the Amazon biome using a randomized block design in a 2x3 factorial scheme, consisting of two A. brasilense levels (with and without) and three nitrogen sources (control/no nitrogen, common urea, and coated urea), with four replications. Foliar inoculation of A. brasilense associated with nitrogen fertilization promoted an increase in cumulative height and shoot dry mass production (ADM) in Marandu grass. However, no significant difference in ADM was observed when A. brasilense was applied without nitrogen fertilization, indicating that the bacteria's potential is maximized only when in association with N sources. Urea application increased crude protein content; specifically, coated urea increased the crude protein yield (kg ha⁻¹) and reduced both neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) compared to the unfertilized treatment. Regardless of inoculation, both common and coated urea increased the mineral matter content of the grass. The combination of A. brasilense and coated urea demonstrated synergism, improving both morphological traits and bromatological composition, thus representing a promising management tool for established Marandu grass pastures.
Submitted: 18 December 2025 | Revised: 27 April 2026 | Accepted: 28 April 2026
Pages 486-494 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.26.20.06.pne223