Optimizing hydroponic forage production from Moroccan cereal varieties: nutritional quality, yield and digestibility for sustainable livestock feed
Ilham Khlila, Aziz Baidani, Mohammed Mitache, Oussama Hnizil, Mohamed EL Koudrim, Mounia Sibaoueih, Ali Amamou
Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Settat, Morocco
Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Hassan First University of Settat, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Settat, Morocco.
Laboratory of animal feed, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Settat, Morocco
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2273-3893.)
Abstract
Climate change and natural resource depletion, notably water depletion, pose major challenges to agriculture, particularly in arid regions. Adequate livestock feed is vital to ensuring food security. Hydroponic cultivation offers a sustainable solution to these issues. This study evaluated three Moroccan cereal varieties, barley (Hordeum vulgare), soft wheat (Triticum aestivum), and triticale (Triticosecale), using an automated hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions to measure green and dry fodder yields, dry matter content, protein levels, and digestibility using a randomized block design with four replicates per species. Significant variations were found among the varieties for all traits, with several positive correlations. Triticale 'Ain Nzagh' produced a green fodder yield of 320 t/ha, wheat 'Malika' achieved 54.34 t/ha in dry fodder, and barley 'Hespanica' showed a protein content of 20.81%, making these varieties promising for hydroponic feed production. These findings indicate the potential of hydroponics in reducing resource use, such as water and land, while meeting the growing demand for animal feed. Further research is required to assess the economic feasibility of these systems for broader adoption in sustainable agriculture.
Submitted: 08/08/2024 | Revised: 10/04/2025 | Accepted: 14/04/2025
Pages 609-619 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p199
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Molecular identification and phylogenetic reconstruction of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars from Indonesia based on rbcL chloroplast gene
Ganies Riza Aristya*, Tiara Putria Judith, Rina Sri Kasiamdari, Janis Damaiyani, Muhammad Fauzi Arif
Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Departement of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Departement of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
Laboratory of Biology, Departement of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Samarinda, Indonesia
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-5076
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) presents high genetic complexity, posing challenges in breeding efforts aimed at developing superior hybrids. This research utilizes DNA barcoding, specifically leveraging the ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene as a DNA barcode. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the rbcL gene in distinguishing local sugarcane cultivars and construct a phylogenetic tree to clarify their evolutionary relationships. The rbcL gene was amplified in 19 samples collected from several regions in Indonesia through PCR methods. DNA alignment, sequencing, and analyses were conducted using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) evolutionary models. Additionally, validation was performed using genetic distance, haplotype network, and principal coordinate of analysis (PCoA). The results established successful amplification and identification of samples within the Saccharum genus. Notably, samples BKS2, BKS7, OP3, NX04, Pringu, and Kidang Kencana displayed distincy characteristic in both ML and BI analyses, substantiated by polymorphic site variations and genetic distance assessments. However, the limitations associated with the rbcL gene constrained comprehensive analysis of other local sugarcane samples, hindering precise phylogenetics placement of the other samples.
Submitted: 01/11/2024 | Revised: 26/03/2025 | Accepted: 26/03/2025
Pages 620-632 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p261
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Identification of drought stress tolerance of several local Indonesian rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties from Gorontalo at various concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Ria Megasari, Muhammad Darmawan*, Asmuliani Rasyid, Muhammad Faried
Agricultural and Fisheries Faculty, Pohuwato University, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Agriculture Faculty, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
ORCID ID: Muhammad Darmawan: 0000-0002-9693-2376
Abstract
This investigation aims to evaluate the drought resilience of six indigenous rice varieties from Gorontalo during germination under varying PEG concentrations. The study was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting. An experimental design featuring a two-factorial approach with complete randomization and three replications was utilized. The first factor concerns the rice varieties, specifically: Maraya, Ponda, Pulo Kuku, Pulo Merah, Sonu, and Temo. The second factor involves PEG concentrations, including 0 g L-1 (control), 8 g L-1 (low stress), 16 g L-1 (moderate stress), and 24 g L-1 (severe stress). Germination performance parameters monitored included germination percentage, germination speed index, T10 germination, T90 germination, mean germination time, mean germination rate, coefficient of variation of germination, and uncertainty, while seedling trait parameters included plumule length, radicle length, fresh weight, and dry weight. Germination traits were calculated based on daily counts of seeds achieving growth greater than 2 mm of radicle. Diverse responses from indigenous rice varieties to drought stress were observed. PEG treatment was found to inhibit both the germination process and seedling development compared to the control. The stress susceptibility index identified Maraya as the only tolerant cultivar concerning plumule length, with a value below 0.5, while the other five cultivars were deemed sensitive across all assessed traits.
Submitted: 07/11/2024 | Revised: 27/01/2025 | Accepted: 25/03/2025
Pages 633-639 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p296
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Analysis of agro-morphological, physio-biochemical, and genetic diversity in some selected landraces of rice during early drought stress
Anirneeta De, Avishek Dey*, Uday Sankar Ray, Subrata Raha, Dipak Kumar Kar
Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia-723104, West Bengal, India
Department of Botany, Ramananda Centenary College, Purulia-723151, West Bengal, India
Zonal Drought Resistance Paddy Research Station, Hathwara, Purulia-723101, Govt. of West Bengal, India
Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia-723104, West Bengal, India
Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia-723104, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Drought severely threatens global rice production, particularly in West Bengal's red-lateritic zone, where early-stage physiological drought from erratic rainfall persists. In this study, twenty-two landraces from West Bengal and seven check varieties were subjected to drought stress at seedling stage for fifteen days under field condition. The landraces were chosen collected according to their better ability and response to in vitro screening. The seedlings were planted in 30 cm plastic pots and placed under a temporary plastic shade to allow controlled water supply. Root and shoot length (RL, SL), seedling-vigor-index (SVI), root fresh and dry weight (RFW, RDW), leaf rolling (LR), leaf drying (LD), proline (PRO), total carbohydrate (TCC), chlorophyll (CHL) and relative water content (RWC) were recorded. After 15 days of stress, re-watering was done and subsequently survivability percentage (SP), days to 50% flowering (DF) and maturity (DM), 100-seed-weight (SW), seed yield/plant (SY/P) were noted. Significant positive correlation was found between SP, SW, DM, DF, RFW, SL, PRO, TCC, CHL, RWC, and SY/P whereas LD, LR were found to be negatively correlated with SY/P. T-test revealed that sixteen germplasms did not vary significantly in SY/P. Landrace Morogjhota outperformed the check varieties in yield. Genetic diversity analysis with twenty drought-associated SSR markers divided the germplasms into two main clusters with a PIC value of 0.544 – 0.907. From this study, sixteen lines were identified among which five landraces showed high Drought Resistance Index which can be used as parent material in developing climate-resilient varieties and can also be used to detect major QTLs associated with drought tolerance.
Submitted: 08/12/2024 | Revised: 24/02/2025 | Accepted: 08/04/2025
Pages 640-649 | Full Text PDF| Supplementray Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p305
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Defoliation management affects biomass flow and gas exchange in Megathyrsus maximus BRS Tamani grass managed under cutting
Francisco Gleyson da Silveira Alves, Bruno Bizerra do Nascimento, Rafael Nogueira Furtado, Eulalia Josefina Contreras Méndez, Emanoella Karol Saraiva Otaviano, Magno José Duarte Cândido*
Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-554, Ceará, Brazil
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí, Paulistana, 64750-000, Piauí, Brazil
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, Ohio, United States of America
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-6053
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of defoliation management in biomass flow and gas exchange in Tamani grass pasture managed under cutting. A randomized complete block design in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement was adopted, with two defoliation frequencies (DF; 85 and 95% interception of photosynthetically active radiation) and three defoliation intensities (DI; 0.8, 1.3, and 1.8 of residual leaf area index), with four replications. The study was conducted in 2019. Leaf and stem elongation rates, leaf temperature, photosynthesis/stomatal conductance ratio, photosynthesis/transpiration ratio, and relative chlorophyll index were not affected by defoliation strategies or their interactions. Leaf senescence rate was not influenced by DF, but there was an effect on the lowest DI with an average value of 1.21 cm tiller-1 day-1. The total number of leaves, phyllochron, and tiller population density showed interaction between DF and DI. Defoliation frequency influenced the number of new live leaves per tiller (1.75 and 2.23 leaves tiller-1 for DF of 85% and 95%, respectively). Forage accumulation rate was not affected by the defoliation strategies, with values ranging from 247.82 kg DM ha-1 to 334.97 kg DM ha-1. The variables leaf photosynthesis rate, leaf transpiration rate, carbon dioxide concentration in the leaf, and stomatal conductance differed only between defoliation frequencies. Under the soil and climate conditions of the present study, Tamani grass should be managed with a defoliation frequency of 85% interception of photosynthetically active radiation and a residual leaf area index of 0.8.
Submitted: 20/01/2025 | Revised: 07/03/2025 | Accepted: 11/03/2025
Pages 650-657 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p317
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Morphoanatomical and physiological indicators revealed distinct intraspecific phenotypes of Eugenia patrisii (Myrtaceae) during germination and post-germination
Pedro Paulo dos Santos, Josiane Celerino de Carvalho, Elmer Viana Gonçalves, Karen Cristina Pires da Costa, Andreia Varmes Fernandes, Acácio de Andrade Pacheco, Agamenon Azevedo dos Reis, Katharine Duarte Gonçalves, Alberdan Silva Santos, João Henrique F. Cavalcanti, and José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves*
Programa de Pós-graduação Bionorte (BIONORTE), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil
Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Brazil
Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará (UNIFESSPA), Faculty of Agronomy, Institute of Studies in Agrarian and Regional Development – IEDAR, Brazil
Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Pará, Brazil
Laboratory of Systematic Investigation in Biotechnology and Molecular Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Brazil
Institute of Education, Agriculture and Environment, Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9197-4617.
Abstract
Eugenia patrisii is an Amazonian species belonging to the Myrtaceae family with a high potential for fruit cultivation and use in the recovery of degraded areas due to rusticity and can serve as a source of essential oils for the bioindustry. Based on intraspecific variation, phenotype, this study aimed to provide morphoanatomical and physiological data on germination and seedling vigor to identify marker-differentiating phenotypes. For each phenotype, 60 seeds (n=420) were collected from the city of Marabá (Pará-Brazil). Descriptive, quantitative, and comparative approaches were used to monitor the germination and initial growth rate. The study analyzed 23 characteristics of E. patrisii, a species of seedlings, to identify phenotypes. Considering exclusivity, eight notable characteristics were identified, including seed length, width, thickness, germination percentage, seed number, and morphology of the apex and leaf base and border shape of the seedlings. Phenotype Pht7 is the most divergent within the species, exhibiting five distinct characteristics: adherence of the endocarp to the seed, seed length, width and thickness, and germination percentage. In contrast, Pht3, Pht2, and Pht6 are the best for domestication and planting. The morphoanatomical and physiological variables analyzed in the current study helped characterize the intraspecific variations of species E. patrisii under cultivation conditions. The variation reveals the potential for the species’s cultivation in the Amazonian region, supporting sustainable agriculture and contributing to food security by increasing consumption of the native fruits.
Pages 658-670 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p319
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Changes in soil fertility, growth and yield of ratoon rice (Oryza sativa L.) by application of soil amendment under drought stress
Cut Nur Ichsan*, Erida Nurahmi, Trisda Kurniawan, Mutiah Hasibuan, Cut Hudzaifah, Akhsani, Aisyah Fitri
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia
Department of Agroecotechnology, Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a global staple food source with high demand. The influence of global climate change will impact rice production, one of which is drought condition. This research aims to determine the role of soil amendments on soil fertility, growth and yield of two rice varieties after ratooning on soil with low fertility under drought stress. The soil used in this study is Ultisol dryland from Jantho Aceh Besar, Indonesia. The study used a 3 x 2 x 2 split-split plot design with 3 replications. Soil amendments as the main plot consisted of vermicompost (7.5 g pot-1), AMF (7.5 g pot-1) and biofertilizer 17.64 mL L-1, which were given in main rice crop 5 days before planting, 14 DAP, 28 DAP and 42 DAP. Drought as a sub-plot consisting of normal soil watering and drought stress conditions and rice varieties as a sub of sub-plot, namely IPB 9G and Inpago 12 varieties. The parameters observed were soil fertility, growth of ratoon and rice yield. The results showed that the application of AMF during drought stress increased soil fertility as indicated by the ECe value for both varieties, respectively 282.33 µS cm -1 and 276.67 µS cm -1. The application of AMF also improves leaves chlorophyll content, plant height, number of tillers and number of plant leaves and yield. Rice productivity after ratooning reached 2.41 tons ha-1 in the IPB 9G variety and 1.84 tons ha-1 in the Inpago 12 variety under drought stress.
Submitted: 22/01/2025 | Revised: 06/03/2025 | Accepted: 11/04/2025
Pages 671-679 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p327
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Green gram and sorghum yield as affected by diverse intercrop planting configurations
Bernard M. Yumbya, Onesmus M. Kitonyo, and Josiah M. Kinama
Machakos County Government, P.O Box 40-09100, Machakos, Kenya
Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053 – 00625, Nairobi, Kenya
ORCID ID: 0009-0002-7826-261X
Abstract
Crop arrangement patterns in intercrop systems affect resource efficiency and yield of the companion crops. The degree of interaction within and between species in intercrop systems depends on crop life cycle and morphology. Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of row-intercrop arrangement on four phenologically close but morphologically contrasting varieties of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) intercropped with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in southeastern Kenya. Split-plot design was used, with crop arrangement (sole crop, single and double-row intercrop) as main plots and green gram variety in the subplots. Four green gram varieties of N26, KS20, Karembo, and Biashara were intercropped with sorghum variety Seredo. Sole crops of each green gram variety and sorghum were added as control. Variety N26 had a large canopy, quicker growth rate (7.2 g m-2 day-1), and out-yielded the other varieties by 1.09 t ha-1. Sole crops of green gram (irrespective of variety) and sorghum recorded higher growth rates and yield compared with intercrop systems. However, crops grown in double row, out-yielded those in single row arrangement. Green gram yield was a function of the number of branches and seed number m-2 while sorghum yield was directly proportional to tiller number and grain number m-2. Results imply that the yield of green gram intercropped with sorghum could be improved through the use of varieties with rapid growth rates and wider intercrop strips to maximize intraspecific and interspecific interactions.
Submitted: 13/02/2025 | Revised: 09/04/2025 | Accepted: 12/04/2025
Pages 680-688 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p332
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Optimizing land resources through vegetable crop production (Cucumber and Beans) on cocoa farms
Abd. Hadid, Bau Toknok
Agrotechnology Department, Agricultural Faculty, Tadulako University, Indonesia
Forestry Department, Forestry Faculty, Tadulako University, Indonesia
Kampus Bumi Tadulako Tondo JI. Soekarno Hatta Km. 9 Palu Sulawesi Tengah 94118, Indonesia
Abstract
Vegetable crops can be cultivated by diverse agricultural strategies, including the intensification of underutilised land, such as cocoa-based dry land. Generally, the terrain beneath cocoa plants remains unutilised or exposed, resulting in suboptimal land utilisation. This inefficiency indicates that planting and cultivation areas are not entirely optimised. This study seeks to assess vegetable production (cucumber and beans) on optimally managed cocoa-based land by employing cocoa tree maintenance strategies to establish a conducive microclimate for vegetables. The study was carried out in the Palolo District, adjacent to the Lore Lindu National Park Conservation Area. A factorial design employing a two-factor randomised block design (RBD) was implemented. The initial component comprised of two pruning treatments, whereas the subsequent factor included beans and cucumbers, yielding four treatment combinations: PB1 (heavy pruning + beans), PB2 (light pruning + beans), PB3 (heavy pruning + cucumbers), and PB4 (light pruning + cucumbers). Each treatment was reproduced four times, yielding a total of 16 treatment units. The findings indicated that the growth of both vegetable varieties enhanced significantly. The vine length of both vegetables was greater with rigorous pruning than with light pruning. Fruit length, seed count per harvest, and fruit weight were superior with vigorous pruning in comparison to light pruning. Bean production beneath cocoa was 3-6 tonnes per hectare lower than that of monoculture planting, although cucumber achieved a potential yield of 30-43 tonnes per hectare.
Submitted: 18/02/2025 | Revised: 17/05/2025 | Accepted: 18/06/2025
Pages 689-696 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p337
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Diversity among selected pigeon pea accessions conserved at Genetic Resources Research Institute (GeRRI) in Kenya
Jane Muthoni*, Hussein Shimelis, D.O. Nyamongo
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Kenya
African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X01, Scottsxille 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-1222
Abstract
A study was carried out in 2022-2023 at KALRO-Perkerra, Marigat in Baringo County in Kenya to regenerate, bulk and characterize pigeon pea accessions conserved in the cold- room at the Genetic Resources Research Institute (GeRRI). Three hundred and fifty-two accessions were planted although two 246 germinated and grew to maturity. Quantitative data were collected on plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, days from planting to 50% flowering, days from planting to first mature pod, 100-seed weight and seeds per pod. Qualitative traits recorded were plant growth habit, terminal leaflet shape, leaf hairiness, flowering pattern, pod hairiness, seed shape and base seed colour. Most of the accessions (72.36%) had an indeterminate flowering habit. Plant height ranged from 105.8 to 441.8 cm with a mean of 297.98 cm. Highest variance was found in plant height followed by days to 50% flowering and days from planting to first mature pod. There was strong and positive correlation between plant height and days to 50% flowering (0.6145), plant height and days to first mature pod (0.6091) and between days to 50% flowering and days to first mature pod (0.9940). Only the first three principal components (PCs) were significant and they explained 69.165% of total variation. These three PCs were positively and strongly correlated with plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, days to 50% flowering, days to first mature pod and seeds per pod. Clustering based on the principal components grouped the pigeon pea accessions into two major clusters. The smaller cluster consisting of 51 accessions was positively correlated to PC1. The pigeon pea accessions conserved at GeRRI have significant variability among them. This variability can be used in classification of genotypes and selection of candidate parents for breeding purposes.
Pages 697-704 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p364
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Impact of training systems and rootstocks on yield and quality of white Brazilian hybrid grapes
Francisco José Domingues Neto*, Marco Antonio Tecchio, Débora Cavalcante dos Santos Carneiro, Ricardo Figueira, João Domingos Rodrigues, Mara Fernandes Moura, José Luiz Hernandes, Fernando Ferrari Putti, Sarita Leonel, Marcelo de Souza Silva, Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim, Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima, Pricila Veiga-Santos
São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agriculture Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Advanced Fruit Research Center, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil
São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã, São Paulo, Brazil
Abstract
Conservation agricultural practices play a crucial role in improving crop yield and quality. In viticulture, particular attention has been given to the interaction between scion cultivars, rootstocks, and training systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rootstocks and training systems on the yield and quality of the Brazilian hybrid white grapes ‘BRS Lorena’, ‘IAC 116-31 Rainha’, and ‘IAC 21-14 Madalena’. For each cultivar, a randomized block design was adopted using a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, comprising two rootstocks (‘IAC 766 Campinas’ and 106-8 ‘Mgt’) and two training systems (low and high espalier). Physicochemical characteristics of clusters, berries, and seeds, as well as the biochemical composition of the grape skins and pulp, were assessed over two production cycles. The results demonstrated that the appropriate combination of rootstock and training system can significantly influence grape yield and quality. ‘BRS Lorena’ performed best when grafted onto 106-8 ‘Mgt’ under the high espalier system. ‘IAC 21-14 Madalena’ showed stable performance with 106-8 ‘Mgt’, regardless of the training system. For ‘IAC 116-31 Rainha’, the most favorable combination was ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ rootstock with high espalier. These findings provide valuable insights for Brazilian viticulture, supporting the adoption of cultivation practices that enhance both productivity and grape quality.
Submitted: 18/02/2025 | Revised: 29/03/2025 | Accepted: 24/04/2025
Pages 705-716 | Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p374
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Influence of temperature and diameter of pale-fleshed, white-skinned spherical sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) on the mass moisture transport parameters of hot air convection
Aboubakar Compaore, Salifou Ouedraogo, Honoré Kondia Ouoba, Fayçal Ilboudo, Bétaboalé Naon
Université Lédéa Bernard OUEDRAOGO (Ex Université de Ouahigouya), 01 BP 346 Ouahigouya 01, Région du Nord, Burkina Faso
Laboratoire de Matériaux de l’Héliophysique et Environnement (La.M.H.E.), Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA), Université Nazi BONI de Bobo Dioulasso, BP 1091, Burkina Faso
Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie (ED-ST), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-4210
Abstract
The aim of this study is to the influence of air temperature and samples diameter on the moisture and mas transport parameters for spherical sweet potatoes subjected to drying. In this study, the influence of drying parameters such as air temperature and sample diameter on the mass moisture transport parameters of hot air drying of pale-fleshed, white-skinned spherical sweet potato of ‘BF 13’ variety, (a variety newly introduced and grown in Burkina Faso), were investigated at 50-80°C air temperatures on 2-3 cm diameter samples. Drying experiments were carried out in an air convective oven by measuring the sample weights according to the time. The averages of three replicates were taken as experimental data. As results, the drying coefficient of sweet potato samples increased up to 1.950×10-6 s-1 with increasing drying temperature regardless of the employed sample diameters. At almost all air temperatures, reducing the sweet potato diameters caused the drying coefficient to increase. The increase in air temperature from 50 to 80 °C and decrease in sample diameter from 3 to 2 cm decreased the lag factor from 1.083 to 1.043. The Biot number values decrease from 0.2462 to 0.1232 with increase in the air temperature for all sample diameters. When sample diameter increases, the Biot number values increased regardless of drying air temperature. Moisture diffusivity values increased with increased air temperature from 50°C to 80°C and increased sweet potato sample diameter from 2 cm to 3 cm. The moisture diffusion and convective mass transfer activation energy values were decreased with increasing samples diameter for all drying conditions applied.
Submitted: 18/03/2025 | Revised: 14/04/2025 | Accepted: 16/04/2025
Pages 717-728 | Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.06.p384